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three.js
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							<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
	<title>three.js webgl - instancing - performance</title>
	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
	<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css">
	<style>
		#info {
			background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.75);
		}

		.lil-gui .gui-stats {
			line-height: var(--widget-height);
			padding: var(--padding);
		}
	</style>
</head>
<body>

	<div id="info">

		<a href="https://threejs.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three.js</a> webgl - instancing - performance

	</div>

	<div id="container"></div>

	<script type="importmap">
		{
			"imports": {
				"three": "../build/three.module.js",
				"three/addons/": "./jsm/"
			}
		}
	</script>

	<script type="module">
		import * as THREE from 'three';

		import Stats from 'three/addons/libs/stats.module.js';
		import { GUI } from 'three/addons/libs/lil-gui.module.min.js';

		import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
		import * as BufferGeometryUtils from 'three/addons/utils/BufferGeometryUtils.js';

		let container, stats, gui, guiStatsEl;
		let camera, controls, scene, renderer, material;

		// gui

		const Method = {
			INSTANCED: 'INSTANCED',
			MERGED: 'MERGED',
			NAIVE: 'NAIVE'
		};

		const api = {
			method: Method.INSTANCED,
			count: 1000
		};

		//

		init();
		initMesh();

		//

		function clean() {

			const meshes = [];

			scene.traverse( function ( object ) {

				if ( object.isMesh ) meshes.push( object );

			} );

			for ( let i = 0; i < meshes.length; i ++ ) {

				const mesh = meshes[ i ];
				mesh.material.dispose();
				mesh.geometry.dispose();

				scene.remove( mesh );

			}

		}

		const randomizeMatrix = function () {

			const position = new THREE.Vector3();
			const quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
			const scale = new THREE.Vector3();

			return function ( matrix ) {

				position.x = Math.random() * 40 - 20;
				position.y = Math.random() * 40 - 20;
				position.z = Math.random() * 40 - 20;

				quaternion.random();

				scale.x = scale.y = scale.z = Math.random() * 1;

				matrix.compose( position, quaternion, scale );

			};

		}();

		function initMesh() {

			clean();

			// make instances
			new THREE.BufferGeometryLoader()
				.setPath( 'models/json/' )
				.load( 'suzanne_buffergeometry.json', function ( geometry ) {

					material = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial();

					geometry.computeVertexNormals();

					console.time( api.method + ' (build)' );

					switch ( api.method ) {

						case Method.INSTANCED:
							makeInstanced( geometry );
							break;

						case Method.MERGED:
							makeMerged( geometry );
							break;

						case Method.NAIVE:
							makeNaive( geometry );
							break;

					}

					console.timeEnd( api.method + ' (build)' );

				} );

		}

		function makeInstanced( geometry ) {

			const matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();
			const mesh = new THREE.InstancedMesh( geometry, material, api.count );

			for ( let i = 0; i < api.count; i ++ ) {

				randomizeMatrix( matrix );
				mesh.setMatrixAt( i, matrix );

			}

			scene.add( mesh );

			//

			const geometryByteLength = getGeometryByteLength( geometry );

			guiStatsEl.innerHTML = [

				'<i>GPU draw calls</i>: 1',
				'<i>GPU memory</i>: ' + formatBytes( api.count * 16 + geometryByteLength, 2 )

			].join( '<br/>' );

		}

		function makeMerged( geometry ) {

			const geometries = [];
			const matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();

			for ( let i = 0; i < api.count; i ++ ) {

				randomizeMatrix( matrix );

				const instanceGeometry = geometry.clone();
				instanceGeometry.applyMatrix4( matrix );

				geometries.push( instanceGeometry );

			}

			const mergedGeometry = BufferGeometryUtils.mergeGeometries( geometries );

			scene.add( new THREE.Mesh( mergedGeometry, material ) );

			//

			guiStatsEl.innerHTML = [

				'<i>GPU draw calls</i>: 1',
				'<i>GPU memory</i>: ' + formatBytes( getGeometryByteLength( mergedGeometry ), 2 )

			].join( '<br/>' );

		}

		function makeNaive( geometry ) {

			const matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();

			for ( let i = 0; i < api.count; i ++ ) {

				randomizeMatrix( matrix );

				const mesh = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
				mesh.applyMatrix4( matrix );

				scene.add( mesh );

			}

			//

			const geometryByteLength = getGeometryByteLength( geometry );

			guiStatsEl.innerHTML = [

				'<i>GPU draw calls</i>: ' + api.count,
				'<i>GPU memory</i>: ' + formatBytes( api.count * 16 + geometryByteLength, 2 )

			].join( '<br/>' );

		}

		function init() {

			const width = window.innerWidth;
			const height = window.innerHeight;

			// camera

			camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 70, width / height, 1, 100 );
			camera.position.z = 30;

			// renderer

			renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { antialias: true } );
			renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
			renderer.setSize( width, height );
			renderer.setAnimationLoop( animate );
			container = document.getElementById( 'container' );
			container.appendChild( renderer.domElement );

			// scene

			scene = new THREE.Scene();
			scene.background = new THREE.Color( 0xffffff );

			// controls

			controls = new OrbitControls( camera, renderer.domElement );
			controls.autoRotate = true;

			// stats

			stats = new Stats();
			container.appendChild( stats.dom );

			// gui

			gui = new GUI();
			gui.add( api, 'method', Method ).onChange( initMesh );
			gui.add( api, 'count', 1, 10000 ).step( 1 ).onChange( initMesh );

			const perfFolder = gui.addFolder( 'Performance' );

			guiStatsEl = document.createElement( 'div' );
			guiStatsEl.classList.add( 'gui-stats' );

			perfFolder.$children.appendChild( guiStatsEl );
			perfFolder.open();

			// listeners

			window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize );

			Object.assign( window, { scene } );

		}

		//

		function onWindowResize() {

			const width = window.innerWidth;
			const height = window.innerHeight;

			camera.aspect = width / height;
			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();

			renderer.setSize( width, height );

		}

		function animate() {

			controls.update();

			renderer.render( scene, camera );

			stats.update();

		}

		//

		function getGeometryByteLength( geometry ) {

			let total = 0;

			if ( geometry.index ) total += geometry.index.array.byteLength;

			for ( const name in geometry.attributes ) {

				total += geometry.attributes[ name ].array.byteLength;

			}

			return total;

		}

		// Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/18650828/1314762
		function formatBytes( bytes, decimals ) {

			if ( bytes === 0 ) return '0 bytes';

			const k = 1024;
			const dm = decimals < 0 ? 0 : decimals;
			const sizes = [ 'bytes', 'KB', 'MB' ];

			const i = Math.floor( Math.log( bytes ) / Math.log( k ) );

			return parseFloat( ( bytes / Math.pow( k, i ) ).toFixed( dm ) ) + ' ' + sizes[ i ];

		}

	</script>

</body>
</html>