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							<html lang="en">
	<head>
		<title>three.js webgpu - storage pbo external element</title>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
		<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css">
	</head>
	<body>

		<div id="info">
			<a href="https://threejs.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three.js</a>
			<br /> This example demonstrates a bitonic sort running step by step in a compute shader.
			<br /> The left canvas swaps values within workgroup local arrays. The right swaps values within storage buffers.
			<br /> Reference implementation by <a href="https://poniesandlight.co.uk/reflect/bitonic_merge_sort/">Tim Gfrerer</a>
			<br /> 
			<div id="local_swap" style="
				position: absolute;
				top: 150px;
				left: 0;
				padding: 10px;
				background: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.5 );
				color: #fff;
				font-family: monospace;
				font-size: 12px;
				line-height: 1.5;
				pointer-events: none;
				text-align: left;
			"></div>
			<div id="global_swap" style="
			position: absolute;
			top: 150px;
			right: 0;
			padding: 10px;
			background: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.5 );
			color: #fff;
			font-family: monospace;
			font-size: 12px;
			line-height: 1.5;
			pointer-events: none;
			text-align: left;
		"></div>
		</div>

		<script type="importmap">
			{
				"imports": {
					"three": "../build/three.webgpu.js",
					"three/tsl": "../build/three.webgpu.js",
					"three/addons/": "./jsm/"
				}
			}
		</script>

		<script type="module">

			import * as THREE from 'three';
			import { storageObject, If, vec3, not, uniform, uv, uint, float, Fn, vec2, abs, int, invocationLocalIndex, workgroupArray, uvec2, floor, instanceIndex, workgroupBarrier } from 'three/tsl';

			import { GUI } from 'three/addons/libs/lil-gui.module.min.js';

			const StepType = {

				NONE: 0,
				// Swap values within workgroup local buffer.
				FLIP_LOCAL: 1,
				DISPERSE_LOCAL: 2,
				// Swap values within global data buffer.
				FLIP_GLOBAL: 3,
				DISPERSE_GLOBAL: 4,

			};

			const timestamps = {
				local_swap: document.getElementById( 'local_swap' ),
				global_swap: document.getElementById( 'global_swap' )
			};


			const localColors = [ 'rgb(203, 64, 203)', 'rgb(0, 215, 215)' ];
			const globalColors = [ 'rgb(1, 150, 1)', 'red' ];

			// Total number of elements and the dimensions of the display grid.
			const size = 16384;
			const gridDim = Math.sqrt( size );

			const getNumSteps = () => {

				const n = Math.log2( size );
				return ( n * ( n + 1 ) ) / 2;

			};

			// Total number of steps in a bitonic sort with 'size' elements.
			const MAX_STEPS = getNumSteps();
			const WORKGROUP_SIZE = [ 64 ];

			const effectController = {
				// Sqr root of 16834
				gridWidth: uniform( gridDim ),
				gridHeight: uniform( gridDim ),
				highlight: uniform( 1 ),
				'Display Mode': 'Swap Zone Highlight'
			};

			const gui = new GUI();
			gui.add( effectController, 'Display Mode', [ 'Elements', 'Swap Zone Highlight' ] ).onChange( () => {

				if ( effectController[ 'Display Mode' ] === 'Elements' ) {

					effectController.highlight.value = 0;

			
				} else {

					effectController.highlight.value = 1;
			
				}

			
			} );

			// Allow Workgroup Array Swaps
			init();

			// Global Swaps Only
			init( true );


			// When forceGlobalSwap is true, force all valid local swaps to be global swaps.
			async function init( forceGlobalSwap = false ) {

				let currentStep = 0;
				let nextStepGlobal = false;

				const aspect = ( window.innerWidth / 2 ) / window.innerHeight;
				const camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera( - aspect, aspect, 1, - 1, 0, 2 );
				camera.position.z = 1;

				const scene = new THREE.Scene();

				const nextAlgoBuffer = new THREE.StorageInstancedBufferAttribute( new Uint32Array( 1 ).fill( forceGlobalSwap ? StepType.FLIP_GLOBAL : StepType.FLIP_LOCAL ), 1 );

				const nextAlgoStorage = storageObject( nextAlgoBuffer, 'uint', nextAlgoBuffer.count ).label( 'NextAlgo' );

				const nextBlockHeightBuffer = new THREE.StorageInstancedBufferAttribute( new Uint32Array( 1 ).fill( 2 ), 1 );
				const nextBlockHeightStorage = storageObject( nextBlockHeightBuffer, 'uint', nextBlockHeightBuffer.count ).label( 'NextBlockHeight' );
				const nextBlockHeightRead = storageObject( nextBlockHeightBuffer, 'uint', nextBlockHeightBuffer.count ).label( 'NextBlockHeight' ).toReadOnly();

				const highestBlockHeightBuffer = new THREE.StorageInstancedBufferAttribute( new Uint32Array( 1 ).fill( 2 ), 1 );
				const highestBlockHeightStorage = storageObject( highestBlockHeightBuffer, 'uint', highestBlockHeightBuffer.count ).label( 'HighestBlockHeight' );

				const array = new Uint32Array( Array.from( { length: size }, ( _, i ) => {

					return i;

				} ) );


				const randomizeDataArray = () => {

					let currentIndex = array.length;
					while ( currentIndex !== 0 ) {

						const randomIndex = Math.floor( Math.random() * currentIndex );
						currentIndex -= 1;
						[ array[ currentIndex ], array[ randomIndex ] ] = [
							array[ randomIndex ],
							array[ currentIndex ],
						];

					}

				};

				randomizeDataArray();

				const currentElementsBuffer = new THREE.StorageInstancedBufferAttribute( array, 1 );
				const currentElementsStorage = storageObject( currentElementsBuffer, 'uint', size ).label( 'Elements' );
				const tempBuffer = new THREE.StorageInstancedBufferAttribute( array, 1 );
				const tempStorage = storageObject( tempBuffer, 'uint', size ).label( 'Temp' );
				const randomizedElementsBuffer = new THREE.StorageInstancedBufferAttribute( size, 1 );
				const randomizedElementsStorage = storageObject( randomizedElementsBuffer, 'uint', size ).label( 'RandomizedElements' );

				const getFlipIndices = ( index, blockHeight ) => {

					const blockOffset = ( index.mul( 2 ).div( blockHeight ) ).mul( blockHeight );
					const halfHeight = blockHeight.div( 2 );
					const idx = uvec2(
						index.modInt( halfHeight ),
						blockHeight.sub( index.modInt( halfHeight ) ).sub( 1 )
					);
					idx.x.addAssign( blockOffset );
					idx.y.addAssign( blockOffset );

					return idx;

				};

				const getDisperseIndices = ( index, blockHeight ) => {

					const blockOffset = ( ( index.mul( 2 ) ).div( blockHeight ) ).mul( blockHeight );
					const halfHeight = blockHeight.div( 2 );
					const idx = uvec2(
						index.modInt( halfHeight ),
						( index.modInt( halfHeight ) ).add( halfHeight )
					);

					idx.x.addAssign( blockOffset );
					idx.y.addAssign( blockOffset );

					return idx;

				};

				const localStorage = workgroupArray( 'uint', 64 * 2 );

				// Swap the elements in local storage
				const localCompareAndSwap = ( idxBefore, idxAfter ) => {

					If( localStorage.element( idxAfter ).lessThan( localStorage.element( idxBefore ) ), () => {

						const temp = localStorage.element( idxBefore ).toVar();
						localStorage.element( idxBefore ).assign( localStorage.element( idxAfter ) );
						localStorage.element( idxAfter ).assign( temp );

					} );

				};

				const globalCompareAndSwap = ( idxBefore, idxAfter ) => {

					// If the later element is less than the current element
					If( currentElementsStorage.element( idxAfter ).lessThan( currentElementsStorage.element( idxBefore ) ), () => {

						// Apply the swapped values to temporary storage.
						tempStorage.element( idxBefore ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( idxAfter ) );
						tempStorage.element( idxAfter ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( idxBefore ) );

					} ).Else( () => {

						// Otherwise apply the existing values to temporary storage.
						tempStorage.element( idxBefore ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( idxBefore ) );
						tempStorage.element( idxAfter ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( idxAfter ) );

					} );

				};

				const computeInitFn = Fn( () => {

					randomizedElementsStorage.element( instanceIndex ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( instanceIndex ) );

				} );

				const computeBitonicStepFn = Fn( () => {

					const nextBlockHeight = nextBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).toVar();
					const nextAlgo = nextAlgoStorage.element( 0 ).toVar();

					// Get ids of indices needed to populate workgroup local buffer.
					// Use .toVar() to prevent these values from being recalculated multiple times.
					const workgroupId = instanceIndex.div( WORKGROUP_SIZE[ 0 ] ).toVar();
					const localOffset = uint( WORKGROUP_SIZE[ 0 ] ).mul( 2 ).mul( workgroupId ).toVar();
			
					const localID1 = invocationLocalIndex.mul( 2 );
					const localID2 = invocationLocalIndex.mul( 2 ).add( 1 );

					// If we will perform a local swap, then populate the local data
					If( nextAlgo.lessThanEqual( uint( StepType.DISPERSE_LOCAL ) ), () => {

						localStorage.element( localID1 ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( localOffset.add( localID1 ) ) );
						localStorage.element( localID2 ).assign( currentElementsStorage.element( localOffset.add( localID2 ) ) );

					} );

					workgroupBarrier();

					// TODO: Convert to switch block.
					If( nextAlgo.equal( uint( StepType.FLIP_LOCAL ) ), () => {

						const idx = getFlipIndices( invocationLocalIndex, nextBlockHeight );
						localCompareAndSwap( idx.x, idx.y );

					} ).ElseIf( nextAlgo.equal( uint( StepType.DISPERSE_LOCAL ) ), () => {

						const idx = getDisperseIndices( invocationLocalIndex, nextBlockHeight );
						localCompareAndSwap( idx.x, idx.y );

					} ).ElseIf( nextAlgo.equal( uint( StepType.FLIP_GLOBAL ) ), () => {

						const idx = getFlipIndices( instanceIndex, nextBlockHeight );
						globalCompareAndSwap( idx.x, idx.y );

					} ).ElseIf( nextAlgo.equal( uint( StepType.DISPERSE_GLOBAL ) ), () => {

						const idx = getDisperseIndices( instanceIndex, nextBlockHeight );
						globalCompareAndSwap( idx.x, idx.y );

					} );

					// Ensure that all invocations have swapped their own regions of data
					workgroupBarrier();

					// Populate output data with the results from our swaps
					If( nextAlgo.lessThanEqual( uint( StepType.DISPERSE_LOCAL ) ), () => {

						currentElementsStorage.element( localOffset.add( localID1 ) ).assign( localStorage.element( localID1 ) );
						currentElementsStorage.element( localOffset.add( localID2 ) ).assign( localStorage.element( localID2 ) );

					} );

					// If the previous algorithm was global, we execute an additional compute step to sync the current buffer with the output buffer.

				} );

				const computeSetAlgoFn = Fn( () => {

					const nextBlockHeight = nextBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).toVar();
					const nextAlgo = nextAlgoStorage.element( 0 );
					const highestBlockHeight = highestBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).toVar();

					nextBlockHeight.divAssign( 2 );

					If( nextBlockHeight.equal( 1 ), () => {

						highestBlockHeight.mulAssign( 2 );

						if ( forceGlobalSwap ) {

							If( highestBlockHeight.equal( size * 2 ), () => {
			
								nextAlgo.assign( StepType.NONE );
								nextBlockHeight.assign( 0 );

							} ).Else( () => {

								nextAlgo.assign( StepType.FLIP_GLOBAL );
								nextBlockHeight.assign( highestBlockHeight );

							} );

						} else {

							If( highestBlockHeight.equal( size * 2 ), () => {
			
								nextAlgo.assign( StepType.NONE );
								nextBlockHeight.assign( 0 );

							} ).ElseIf( highestBlockHeight.greaterThan( WORKGROUP_SIZE[ 0 ] * 2 ), () => {

								nextAlgo.assign( StepType.FLIP_GLOBAL );
								nextBlockHeight.assign( highestBlockHeight );

							} ).Else( () => {

								nextAlgo.assign( forceGlobalSwap ? StepType.FLIP_GLOBAL : StepType.FLIP_LOCAL );
								nextBlockHeight.assign( highestBlockHeight );

							} );

						}

					} ).Else( () => {

						if ( forceGlobalSwap ) {

							nextAlgo.assign( StepType.DISPERSE_GLOBAL );

						} else {

							nextAlgo.assign( nextBlockHeight.greaterThan( WORKGROUP_SIZE[ 0 ] * 2 ).select( StepType.DISPERSE_GLOBAL, StepType.DISPERSE_LOCAL ) );

						}

					} );

					nextBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).assign( nextBlockHeight );
					highestBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).assign( highestBlockHeight );

				} );

				const computeAlignCurrentFn = Fn( () => {

					currentElementsStorage.element( instanceIndex ).assign( tempStorage.element( instanceIndex ) );

				} );

				const computeResetBuffersFn = Fn( () => {

					currentElementsStorage.element( instanceIndex ).assign( randomizedElementsStorage.element( instanceIndex ) );
			
				} );

				const computeResetAlgoFn = Fn( () => {

					nextAlgoStorage.element( 0 ).assign( forceGlobalSwap ? StepType.FLIP_GLOBAL : StepType.FLIP_LOCAL );
					nextBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).assign( 2 );
					highestBlockHeightStorage.element( 0 ).assign( 2 );

				} );

				// Initialize each value in the elements buffer.
				const computeInit = computeInitFn().compute( size );
				// Swap a pair of elements in the elements buffer.
				const computeBitonicStep = computeBitonicStepFn().compute( size / 2 );
				// Set the conditions for the next swap.
				const computeSetAlgo = computeSetAlgoFn().compute( 1 );
				// Align the current buffer with the temp buffer if the previous sort was executed in a global scope.
				const computeAlignCurrent = computeAlignCurrentFn().compute( size );
				// Reset the buffers and algorithm information after a full bitonic sort has been completed.
				const computeResetBuffers = computeResetBuffersFn().compute( size );
				const computeResetAlgo = computeResetAlgoFn().compute( 1 );

				const material = new THREE.MeshBasicNodeMaterial( { color: 0x00ff00 } );

				const display = Fn( () => {

					const { gridWidth, gridHeight, highlight } = effectController;

					const newUV = uv().mul( vec2( gridWidth, gridHeight ) );

					const pixel = uvec2( uint( floor( newUV.x ) ), uint( floor( newUV.y ) ) );

					const elementIndex = uint( gridWidth ).mul( pixel.y ).add( pixel.x );

					const colorChanger = currentElementsStorage.element( elementIndex );

					const subtracter = float( colorChanger ).div( gridWidth.mul( gridHeight ) );

					const color = vec3( subtracter.oneMinus() ).toVar();

					If( highlight.equal( 1 ).and( not( nextAlgoStorage.element( 0 ).equal( StepType.NONE ) ) ), () => {

						const boolCheck = int( elementIndex.modInt( nextBlockHeightRead.element( 0 ) ).lessThan( nextBlockHeightRead.element( 0 ).div( 2 ) ) );
						color.z.assign( nextAlgoStorage.element( 0 ).lessThanEqual( StepType.DISPERSE_LOCAL ) );
						color.x.mulAssign( boolCheck );
						color.y.mulAssign( abs( boolCheck.sub( 1 ) ) );

					} );

					return color;

				} );

				material.colorNode = display();

				const plane = new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.PlaneGeometry( 1, 1 ), material );
				scene.add( plane );

				const renderer = new THREE.WebGPURenderer( { antialias: false, trackTimestamp: true } );
				renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
				renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth / 2, window.innerHeight );

				const animate = () => {

					renderer.render( scene, camera );

				};

				renderer.setAnimationLoop( animate );

				document.body.appendChild( renderer.domElement );
				renderer.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
				renderer.domElement.style.top = '0';
				renderer.domElement.style.left = '0';
				renderer.domElement.style.width = '50%';
				renderer.domElement.style.height = '100%';

				if ( forceGlobalSwap ) {

					renderer.domElement.style.left = '50%';

					scene.background = new THREE.Color( 0x212121 );
			
				} else {

					scene.background = new THREE.Color( 0x313131 );

				}

				await renderer.computeAsync( computeInit );

				renderer.info.autoReset = false;

				 const stepAnimation = async function () {

					renderer.info.reset();

					if ( currentStep !== MAX_STEPS ) {

						renderer.compute( computeBitonicStep );

						if ( nextStepGlobal ) {

							renderer.compute( computeAlignCurrent );
			
						}
			
						renderer.compute( computeSetAlgo );

						currentStep ++;

					} else {

						renderer.compute( computeResetBuffers );
						renderer.compute( computeResetAlgo );

						currentStep = 0;
			
					}

					const algo = new Uint32Array( await renderer.getArrayBufferAsync( nextAlgoBuffer ) );
					algo > StepType.DISPERSE_LOCAL ? ( nextStepGlobal = true ) : ( nextStepGlobal = false );
			
					renderer.render( scene, camera );

					timestamps[ forceGlobalSwap ? 'global_swap' : 'local_swap' ].innerHTML = `

							Compute ${forceGlobalSwap ? 'Global' : 'Local'}: ${renderer.info.compute.frameCalls} pass in ${renderer.info.compute.timestamp.toFixed( 6 )}ms<br>
								<div style="display: flex; flex-direction:row; justify-content: center; align-items: center;">
									${forceGlobalSwap ? 'Global Swaps' : 'Local Swaps'} Compare Region&nbsp;
									<div style="background-color: ${ forceGlobalSwap ? globalColors[ 0 ] : localColors[ 0 ]}; width:12.5px; height: 1em; border-radius: 20%;"></div>
									&nbsp;to Region&nbsp;
									<div style="background-color: ${ forceGlobalSwap ? globalColors[ 1 ] : localColors[ 1 ]}; width:12.5px; height: 1em; border-radius: 20%;"></div>
								</div>`;
			

					if ( currentStep === MAX_STEPS ) {

						setTimeout( stepAnimation, 1000 );

			
					} else {

						setTimeout( stepAnimation, 50 );
			
					}

				};

				stepAnimation();

				window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize );

				function onWindowResize() {

					renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth / 2, window.innerHeight );

					const aspect = ( window.innerWidth / 2 ) / window.innerHeight;

					const frustumHeight = camera.top - camera.bottom;

					camera.left = - frustumHeight * aspect / 2;
					camera.right = frustumHeight * aspect / 2;

					camera.updateProjectionMatrix();

					renderer.render( scene, camera );

				}

			}
		</script>
	</body>
</html>